About Canada

LGBTQ+ Overview

Legal Protections and Rights

Anti-Discrimination Laws

Canada has robust anti-discrimination laws protecting LGBTQ+ individuals. The Canadian Human Rights Act and provincial human rights codes prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression in employment, housing, and services.

Marriage Equality

Same-sex marriage has been legal nationwide in Canada since 2005, following the enactment of the Civil Marriage Act. Canada was one of the first countries in the world to legalize marriage equality.

Adoption Rights

LGBTQ+ individuals and couples in Canada have the same adoption rights as heterosexual individuals and couples. This includes both domestic and international adoptions.

Social Acceptance and Attitudes

Canada is generally known for its progressive attitudes and high level of social acceptance towards LGBTQ+ individuals. Public opinion polls consistently show strong support for LGBTQ+ rights, and many Canadians view LGBTQ+ equality as an important aspect of human rights.

Safety Concerns and Risks

Hate Crimes

While Canada is relatively safe for LGBTQ+ individuals compared to many other countries, hate crimes and incidents of discrimination still occur. Law enforcement agencies take hate crimes seriously, and there are legal provisions for enhanced penalties for crimes motivated by bias, including those based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

Police Protection

Canadian police services generally work to protect LGBTQ+ individuals and have specialized units or officers trained in LGBTQ+ issues. However, there have been instances of mistrust and tension between the LGBTQ+ community and law enforcement, particularly among marginalized subgroups within the LGBTQ+ community.

Resources and Support Organizations

Canada has a wide range of resources and support organizations available for LGBTQ+ individuals, including:

• Egale Canada: A national organization focused on LGBTQ+ human rights through research, education, and community engagement.
• The 519: A Toronto-based community center offering support, services, and programs for LGBTQ+ individuals.
• PFLAG Canada: Provides support, education, and resources for LGBTQ+ individuals and their families.
• Rainbow Railroad: Helps LGBTQ+ individuals facing persecution in other countries by providing assistance to relocate to safer environments, including Canada.

Notable Events or Incidents in Recent Years

Several significant events and incidents related to LGBTQ+ rights and safety have occurred in Canada in recent years:

• 2017: The Canadian government formally apologized to LGBTQ+ Canadians for past discrimination, including the purge of LGBTQ+ individuals from the military and public service.
• 2019: The Toronto Pride parade celebrated its largest attendance ever, reflecting the growing social acceptance and support for LGBTQ+ communities.
• 2020: Canada banned conversion therapy, making it illegal to subject minors to the practice and prohibiting the advertising and charging for conversion therapy services.